A brain computer interface is a device which allows people with motor or cognitive limitations to control computers and other devices. BCIs translate brain signals using a variety of sensors and recording techniques, a signal-processing algorithm and machine learning. They can control a wide array of devices, from cursors on computers to robotic arms and wheelchairs.

Most BCIs measure activity from the scalp, such as electroencephalographic (EEG) or functional near-infrared imaging (fNIRS) signaling. The signals are then recorded by a sensor that can detect the presence of brain activity and software transforms them hive-eu.org/exploring-noninvasive-brain-stimulation-methods/ into operating commands.

In a lot of BCI systems, the user must undergo an iterative learning process to master the ability to produce signals recognized by the system. For example in a BCI that is designed to type letters the user has to imagine moving their left or right hand.

The most exciting BCI innovations involve implantable or invasible systems that record directly on the neural tissue rather than scalp. These devices are more accurate than non-invasive BCIs however, they require surgery and pose some risks.

Invasive BCIs are still in their early stages of research and it is essential that patients who undergo this procedure fully know the dangers and benefits of this technology. Security and privacy are also major concerns because BCIs detect neural signals, which could contain sensitive health or behavioral information. Some people are not a fan of the technology because they fear that hackers could hack into their minds and influence them.